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Thread: Internet Addressing

  1. #1
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    Default Internet Addressing

    PSTN = 7 digits (xxx - xxxx)
    IP Addressing = 32-bits (4 8-bit quad notation)

    Dotted Decimal Notation
    255.0.0.0} Decimal
    Decimal Quad

    Octet
    11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
    8-bits 8-bits 8-bits 8-bits

    IP Address are actually binary notation.
    The version of IP Addressing that is currently in use by most internet users is IP Version 4 (IPv4).

    IP version 6 a 128-bit version, is started to replace Ipv4. IP Version 6 is sometimes represented as Ipv6 or IPnG which means IP New Generation.

    Base 2 = Binary (0-1)
    Base 10 = Decimal (0-9)
    Base 16 = Hexadecimal (0-9 & A-F)

    Classes of IP Address


    Addresses Class Range Reserved Octet Positions

    Class A 0-126 xxx.000.000.000

    Class B 128-191 xxx.xxx.000.000

    Class C 192-233 xxx.xxx.xxx.000

    Class D 234-239 Reserved for Multitasking

    Class E 240-255 Reserved for Scientific & Future use

    The 127 Range is reserved for loop back testing.

    Depending on the class of IP Address, the reserved octets will indicate the network portion of the Address & the remaining octet(s) will indicate the host portion. IP Address are made up of 2 portions:

    > The Network portion
    > The Host Portion

    Eg. Class A 121.54.7.19
    a b
    Class B 130.27.217.3

    Key a = Network
    b = Host


    Contd.

  2. #2
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    Default Re:Internet Addressing

    IANA
    InterNIC – Network Information Center
    Network Solutions

    Address Class Network Available Host Available
    Class A 127 16,777,214
    Class B 16,384 65,534
    Class C 2,097,152 254



    Understanding Binary

    2n Decimal
    20 1
    21 2
    22 4
    23 8
    24 16
    25 32
    26 64
    27 128

    Class A
    High Order Bit = 0
    Value = 127
    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

    64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 127


    Class B
    High Order Bit = 10
    Value = 191
    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

    128 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 =191


    Class C
    High Order Bit = 100
    Value = 233
    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

    128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 233

    Private vs. Public Address

    This Internet Assigned Names & Numbers Authority (IANA), has reserved three blacks of IP Address for private use on a network that will not be connected to the internet; They are:

    10.0.0.0 => 10.255.255.255 Class A
    127.16.0.0 => 172.31.255.255 Class B
    192.168.0.0 => 192.168.255.255 Class C

    The subnet mask identifies the network portion of an address. This portion is identified by all one and cannot be changed. The Host portion is identified by all zeros, athe selection can be changed.

    Address Class Subnet Mask (Dec) Subnet Mask (Bin)
    A 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
    B 255.255.0.0 11111111. 11111111. 00000000.00000000
    C 255.255.255.0 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000

    Formulas:
    Number of host
    (2-n – 2)

    Number of Subnets
    (2n - 2)

  3. #3
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    Default Re:Internet Addressing

    IP
    -------------------------
    Acronym for Internet Protocol. IP specifies the format of packets, also called datagrams.

    Each set of numbers is called an Octet.
    ------------------------
    An octet is 8 bits. It is equivalent to a byte, as long as the byte is also 8 bits. Bytes range from 4 - 10 bits, but octets are always 8 bits.
    ------------------------

    So an IP address size is 4bytes or 32 bits.

    IP addressing is coupled with some form of connection method between destination and source. FOr example on the internet we use TCP/IP which is Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol to govern the way we send an receive data.

    more to come...

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